In the postwar decades, Madrid became a stage for large-scale architectural experiments that reflected the evolution of the Francoist regime’s outlook. Many buildings erected during that era remain important parts of the cityscape and continue to serve their original purposes.
One of the most notable examples is the former Casa Sindical, located on Paseo del Prado. In July 2025, the building was granted cultural heritage (BIC) status in the category of ‘Monument.’ Built in 1955 according to the design by Francisco de Asís Cabrero, it came to symbolize a departure from former imperial grandeur towards strict symmetry and minimalism. Today, the building houses the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Social Rights, and previously accommodated the Ministry for Youth and Children.
In 1960, the complex was expanded with a new building, currently serving as the headquarters of Comisiones Obreras trade union. This extension also embodies the spirit of functionalism, highlighting the regime’s shift in architectural priorities.
Architect Cabrero designed Casa Sindical with austere, undecorated facades, which was a groundbreaking decision at the time. The interior featured a modern 1950s layout: a spacious lobby, an assembly hall, and efficiently organized office floors. Thanks to its considered structure, the building is still in active use as an administrative center.
Among other significant buildings from that era is the Institute of National Colonization, built in 1949 and designed by José Tamés Alarcón. Its facade is adorned with reliefs by sculptor Ángel Ferrant, while the interiors feature works by artists Eduardo Carretero, Amadeo Gabino, and Manuel Rivera. These works of art highlight the desire to combine functionality with aesthetics.
Another example is the headquarters of the General Defense Staff at Paseo de la Castellana, 80. Architect Luis Gutiérrez Soto, inspired by his trip to America, abandoned traditional roofs and spires, which drew criticism from the military accustomed to classical forms. However, this project marked one of the first steps toward updating the architectural language of official buildings in Spain.
In the 1970s, the building was renovated, resulting in the loss of its original compositional unity, yet it remains a prominent feature in the urban landscape.
In the Salamanca district, La Princesa Hospital stands out. Built in the early 1950s to the design of Manuel Martínez Chumillas, the complex occupies an entire city block and was conceived as a modern medical facility with separate entrances for inpatient and outpatient services. Despite subsequent renovations, the building’s facades have retained their simplicity and strict rhythm, while parts of the original interior layout remain.
A prominent place among administrative buildings belongs to the Instituto de Crédito Oficial (ICO) at the intersection of Paseo del Prado and Calle Madrazo. Designed by Germán Álvarez de Sotomayor and completed in 1955, the building follows a rationalist style and is characterized by the strict vertical lines of its façade. Today, it houses the foundation of the same name.
The architectural legacy of the Franco era in Madrid consists not only of historical landmarks but also functional structures that continue to serve important roles. Many of these buildings still lack official protected status, sparking debates among experts and the public alike. Nevertheless, they remain vivid testaments to the shifts in Spanish architecture in the mid-20th century and help shape the unique identity of the capital.
