When autumn paints the hills of the Sierra Morena in warm hues, this corner in the south of the Iberian Peninsula becomes a true treasure trove of Mediterranean flora and fauna. From late September, the air fills with trumpeting sounds—the start of the deer rutting season, an impressive natural spectacle. For ecotourism enthusiasts and those dreaming of witnessing wildlife in its natural habitat, this is a gateway to another world, almost untouched by civilization. This place is one of the continent’s most important strongholds for preserving the population of its most vulnerable feline species.
We are talking about the natural area of Andújar, stretching across the gentle slopes characteristic of this mountain range. The landscape is shaped by centuries-old holm and cork oaks, interspersed with dense maquis thickets and curious granite boulders polished by wind and time. These lands are home to many iconic species. Mighty imperial eagles and black vultures soar above the peaks, while deep in the forests the very spotted predator that draws photographers and naturalists from around the world finds refuge. Its survival is the result of decades of meticulous conservation efforts.
Dozens of routes have been laid out to help visitors explore this ecosystem. One of the most popular trails, the “Cabaña-Dubrava” (Jabalí-Encinarejo), leads travelers to the picturesque Encinarejo reservoir. Strolling along its banks lets you fully appreciate the beauty of the riverside gallery forest by the River Jándula. Another trail, the “Junquillo Trail” (sendero del Junquillo), offers a glimpse of how private livestock farms and hunting grounds coexist harmoniously, creating a unique biological balance in the area. For those seeking a guaranteed wildlife experience, guided tours are available, led by experts who know the best spots for animal watching during the rutting season.
At the very heart of these protected lands, perched high on a rocky outcrop, stands the Santuario de la Virgen de la Cabeza. From here, breathtaking panoramas stretch out for miles in every direction. Nearby is one of the park’s visitor centers, “Viñas de Peñallana,” where you can pick up maps and learn more about the region’s features. Just beyond the main protected zone are two more attractions: the “Cypress Enclosure” (Cercado del Ciprés) and the Ecomuseum dedicated to the Iberian lynx. Visits to the Ecomuseum are by appointment and offer a deeper insight into the life of this remarkable animal. The waters of the Encinarejo reservoir are also open for recreational activities such as kayaking, but only in designated seasons and with permission from the park administration.
Getting to know the region wouldn’t be complete without visiting the nearby towns: Andújar, Baños de la Encina, Marmolejo, and Villanueva de la Reina. Each holds its own gems. In Baños de la Encina, be sure to see the magnificent Moorish castle of Burgalimar, while in Marmolejo, visit the historic balneological resort. These cultural attractions beautifully complement the natural experiences. Thanks to the low influx of tourists, a well-designed network of viewpoints, and information panels, this enclave has become a benchmark for birdwatching and observing mammals, offering an authentic and deep immersion into rural Spain.
