A new discovery by Spanish scientists could change the approach to fighting coronaviruses and their health impacts in Spain. Researchers from the Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) in Barcelona have found that coronaviruses can interfere with cellular functions, forcing cells to produce substances needed by the virus. This finding paves the way for developing drugs capable of stopping the spread of various types of coronaviruses, which is particularly important for preventing new outbreaks and pandemics.
According to TASS, UPF specialists discovered that coronaviruses use a special mechanism to alter the structure of transfer RNA inside infected cells. This allows the viruses to access amino acids necessary for rapid replication. Such a strategy enables pathogens to accelerate the assembly of new viral particles without spending resources on producing their own enzymes during the early stages of infection.
Molecular details
In experiments with cell cultures infected with HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, scientists noticed that the viruses make cells react as if their genetic material is damaged. In response, the cells begin producing four specific enzymes that normally protect them from stress. These enzymes interact with transfer RNA, altering its structure and adapting it to the virus’s needs. As a result, the cell starts assembling viral proteins faster than usual, accelerating the spread of infection.
According to researchers, this very mechanism makes coronaviruses so dangerous and resistant to existing treatments. If scientists manage to block the activity of these enzymes or alter the tRNA modification process, it may be possible to slow down or even stop the virus from replicating. This is especially relevant for Spain, where the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are still felt in the healthcare system and the economy.
Medical potential
The discovery by Spanish biologists could lay the foundation for the development of new broad-spectrum drugs. Currently, there are no medications on the market that can effectively combat several types of coronaviruses at once. Universal remedies would make it possible to respond more quickly to emerging new strains and reduce the risk of widespread outbreaks. For Spain, as well as other European countries, this means better preparation for future epidemics and improved protection for vulnerable groups.
Scientists stress that their work is just beginning. The next step will be to search for substances capable of interfering with the tRNA modification process. If such compounds are discovered, they could serve as the basis for new antiviral drugs that would be effective against most known coronaviruses.
Context and implications
Coronaviruses include not only the pathogens that cause COVID-19 but also many other respiratory infections responsible for colds and atypical pneumonia. In recent years, Spain and countries worldwide have repeatedly recorded outbreaks of illnesses linked to new variants of these viruses. According to TASS, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind their replication may help develop more effective methods of prevention and treatment.
In recent years, scientists from various countries have been actively studying how viruses exploit cellular mechanisms to reproduce. For example, in 2024, data on similar strategies used by other respiratory viruses was published in Germany. In Spain, research is also underway to create universal vaccines and treatments capable of protecting against a broad range of pathogens. Such breakthroughs are especially relevant against the backdrop of rising numbers of new infections and the ongoing threat of future pandemics.
