Morocco

Spain and Morocco share a long and complex history of economic, social, cultural, and political ties, some of which have been marked by tension and conflict.

The border between Spain and Morocco is among the most complex in Europe, stretching roughly 18 kilometers on land and 13 kilometers at sea. This border poses a number of challenges, including smuggling, illegal migration, terrorism, and drug trafficking, all of which require cooperation between the Spanish and Moroccan governments.

On the other hand, Spain and Morocco work closely on economic, trade, and investment issues, with Morocco ranking as one of Spain’s most important trading partners in Africa. The two countries also collaborate in areas such as energy, tourism, transport, and agriculture.

Cultural ties between Spain and Morocco are also significant and deeply rooted in history. Morocco is the birthplace of Hispano-Arabic culture, which has had a major impact on Spanish art, literature, and architecture. In addition, many Moroccans maintain cultural connections with Spain, where they live and work.

However, relations between Spain and Morocco have not always been peaceful or constructive. Disputes have arisen over the sovereignty of Ceuta and Melilla—located on the Moroccan coast but part of Spanish territory. Illegal migration remains a pressing issue, as tens of thousands of African migrants attempt to cross into Spain from Morocco each year.