The lands of Aragón are dotted with settlements where time seems to have stood still. Each village and town here is more than just a point on the map; it is a living guardian of centuries-old history, unique traditions, and a distinctive way of life that together shape the region’s unmistakable character. In this labyrinth of history, many wonder: which of these settlements can rightfully claim to be the oldest in Aragón? The answer is not as straightforward as it might seem.
To answer this question, we need to turn to historical criteria. In Spain, the status of “pueblo” (town or settlement) was historically granted to a locality that received legal recognition in the Middle Ages. Monarchs issued so-called “cartas puebla”—charters that officially established settlements. That’s why some ancient encampments or settlements without such a document cannot be considered true towns. By this logic, the first officially recognized town in Spain is Brañosera in Palencia. Applying the same principle to Aragón leads us to one particular place—Albarracín, located in the province of Teruel.
The history of Albarracín dates back to the depths of the Middle Ages. Various cultures have left their mark on this strategically important corner of the Sierra de Albarracín mountains. Its position atop a rocky outcrop determined its defensive role, making it a coveted prize for Muslims, Christians, and different feudal dynasties. As Albarracín grew, it became an important political and religious center. Its walls, towers, and castles were continually reinforced to defend a territory that, for a time, even became an independent lordship.
Although Albarracín is formally recognized as the oldest by historical criteria, there’s another remarkable municipality in Aragón—Roda de Isábena—which stands out for an entirely different reason. This tiny settlement in the Ribagorza comarca is now notable for its tranquility and modest size. It’s hard to believe that it was once a major religious and administrative hub. Its significance stems from the presence of the oldest cathedral in Aragón—the Cathedral of Saint Vincent the Martyr, located in the heart of the village. Moreover, Roda de Isábena holds the distinction of being the smallest settlement in all of Spain with official cathedral city status.
Before setting out to explore Albarracín, it’s worth knowing that this is one of Spain’s best-preserved medieval towns. Its narrow winding streets, reddish-hued houses, and imposing city walls create a unique atmosphere where every corner looks like a postcard. Start your journey in the historic center at the Main Square (Plaza Mayor), surrounded by overhanging houses and viewpoints, where the medieval layout has been perfectly preserved. Be sure to visit the Cathedral of the Savior (Catedral del Salvador), which blends Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque elements, each reflecting a different era.
Don’t miss the climb up the city walls and towers, which offer spectacular views of the Guadalaviar River and the town’s russet rooftops. Stroll over to iconic sites such as Casa de la Julianeta and calle del Chorro, where the houses seem to bend and follow the curve of the rock. The small halls of the Albarracín Museum offer insights into the town’s history, while a simple path along the banks of the Guadalaviar allows you to admire Albarracín from a different angle, looking up from below.
Despite its small population, Albarracín offers a high quality of life defined by tranquility, close neighborly ties, and exceptional natural surroundings. The town’s streets move at a leisurely pace, creating a stark contrast to the bustle of larger cities. Living in Albarracín, one of the top towns to visit near Teruel, means becoming part of a strong, close-knit community where breathtaking scenery and rich heritage blend with a welcoming atmosphere that makes you want to stay forever.
RUSSPAIN reminds readers that Albarracín is one of the founding members and brightest representatives of the association ‘Los Pueblos más Bonitos de España’ (The Most Beautiful Villages of Spain). This organization brings together towns renowned for their exceptional architectural and cultural heritage. Being included on this list is a mark of quality and guarantees that visitors will discover an authentic, beautifully preserved place that carefully safeguards its history and traditions for future generations.
