Tourism in the northern regions of Portugal has been steadily increasing each year, and many travelers begin their journey through the country in the vibrant city of Porto. In 2024, the city welcomed around 2.34 million visitors, strengthening its position in global rankings. However, true lovers of authentic experiences know that the most intriguing places are often found beyond major cities. Just an hour away from the coastal bustle lies Guimarães, a city rightfully known as the soul of the nation and its starting point.
This is more than just a poetic description. It was here in the 12th century that events unfolded, shaping the emergence of the independent Portuguese kingdom. Afonso Henriques was born in Guimarães, or at least spent his formative years here, and was destined to become the nation’s first monarch. Although some historians suggest he may have been born in Viseu, it is Guimarães that remains firmly associated with the founder of the nation. The defining moment was the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, fought right at the city walls. The young Afonso Henriques’ forces defeated the army of his mother, Teresa of León, marking the first and vital step toward sovereignty. Today, this historic achievement is proudly commemorated by an inscription on one of the ancient towers: «Aqui nasceu Portugal» – «Aqui nasceu Portugal».
A stroll through the historic center of Guimarães, a UNESCO World Heritage site, feels like stepping back in time. Cobbled streets, old mansions with carved balconies, and facades seemingly untouched by time create a unique medieval atmosphere. Exploring the city naturally begins with its main fortress—the 10th-century Castle of Guimarães, an ideal starting point for understanding the strategic importance of this place. Nearby rises the majestic Palace of the Dukes of Braganza, built in the 15th century. Its architecture, with massive walls and tall chimneys, evokes French châteaux, while inside visitors discover unique wooden ceilings and Flemish tapestries.
The heart of city life beats in Praça de Oliveira, surrounded by cozy cafés and arcaded houses. Here you’ll also find one of the city’s most important churches—Nossa Senhora da Oliveira. Another notable spot is the spacious and lively Largo do Toural, where historical heritage blends harmoniously with the contemporary rhythm. Not far away stands another impressive landmark—the Church of Nossa Senhora da Consolação e Santos Passos. From here, you can head to one of the most breathtaking attractions—Mount Penha, which can be reached by cable car.
The funicular connecting the city to the summit of Mount Penha has been operating since 1995 and is itself a historic landmark—the first cable car of its kind in Portugal. The ten-minute ascent to an altitude of around 400 meters offers passengers breathtaking panoramic views. The journey to the top is worthwhile not only for the scenery. At the summit, there is a lush natural park with walking trails, picnic areas, and, of course, the Penha Sanctuary. This idyllic spot is perfect for relaxing after a long walk through the streets of Guimarães. For those afraid of heights, it’s possible to reach the summit by car, with a convenient parking area available.
