This winter season in Spain has seen an unusually early and intense surge in flu cases. Medical experts note that virus activity began about a month earlier than usual and is accompanied by a rise in infections not only from the flu but also other respiratory viruses. In particular, there has been a significant increase in cases of the H3N2 virus, which this year is represented by a new subtype—the so-called subclade K.
According to the latest data, flu incidence has already surpassed the levels seen in previous years at this time. During the week of November 10–16, 33.1 cases of flu-like syndrome were reported per 100,000 residents. If laboratory-confirmed cases are included, this figure rises to 83 per 100,000.
Experts attribute the surge to the emergence of a more contagious strain of the H3N2 virus, which has been actively circulating across EU countries since spring. While its official spread in Spain has not yet been confirmed, doctors do not rule out that it is already present in the country. Of particular concern is the fact that this strain is capable of spreading rapidly among the population.
Vaccination is key to reducing risks
The medical community strongly recommends not postponing vaccination, especially for those in high-risk groups. This includes the elderly, patients with chronic illnesses, and people with weakened immune systems. While the new virus subtype may be less responsive to the vaccine, getting vaccinated still reduces the likelihood of severe illness and complications.
The vaccine takes effect about two weeks after administration, so doctors advise not to wait for the epidemic peak, which is predicted for late December. This is traditionally the period when family gatherings and large events increase, creating conditions for the virus to spread.
The vaccine not only protects against H3N2, but also other flu strains, including H1N1 and type B. Even if it proves less effective against the K subclade, vaccination remains a key measure in preventing severe cases and hospitalizations.
Vaccination rates remain low
Despite expert recommendations, vaccination rates in Spain are still below target levels. Only around half of people over 60 have been vaccinated, just over 60% of pregnant women, and less than 41% of healthcare workers. These numbers are cause for concern given the early start of the epidemic and the high transmissibility of new strains.
Medical experts emphasize that reducing the time between the onset of an epidemic and mass vaccination limits opportunities for effective prevention. As a result, the risk of complications and hospitalizations among the most vulnerable groups increases.
This season’s distinctive features
This year, the flu is appearing not only earlier but also more aggressively. Along with influenza, there is a rise in cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory infections. This puts additional strain on the healthcare system and requires special attention to preventive measures.
While the new H3N2 virus subtype is not considered more severe, its high contagiousness may lead to more cases among those who haven’t been vaccinated in time. This is especially true for the elderly and patients with chronic illnesses, for whom influenza has always posed the greatest risk.
Doctors recommend not neglecting vaccination and to follow precautionary measures to reduce infection risk and protect yourself and your loved ones during the winter epidemic.
