The lands of Euskadi, stretching between lush green valleys, rugged mountains, and the Bay of Biscay coast, are rich in historical treasures. In the hidden corners of this unique region, millennia-old legends and traditions have shaped a distinctive culture. Among its many settlements, one stands out—here, traces of the past are especially tangible. This place, officially recognized as the first town in Basque Country history, preserves the memory of more than eight centuries of turbulent events.
The Historic Heart of Euskadi
We are talking about Balmaseda, a medieval town in the province of Biscay. Nestled in the western part of the region, in the valley of Enkarterri on the banks of the Cadagua River, this is where, in 1199, a charter—known as a fuero—officially granted the settlement city status. This pivotal moment brought Balmaseda administrative and economic privileges, making it the very first of its kind in all Basque lands.
Its strategic location on the natural route from Castile to the coast turned the town into a vital commercial and military hub during the Middle Ages. Receiving its fuero from the Lord of Biscay spurred economic and demographic growth. Defensive walls were built around the town, and stone bridges spanned the river. Over the centuries, Balmaseda bore witness to key events—from devastating wars and fires to periods of unprecedented prosperity. Its history is a microcosm of the evolution of Basque society.
What to See: Monuments of Bygone Eras
A visit to Balmaseda is a journey through time. Its remarkably preserved heritage and traditional atmosphere create a unique sense of authenticity. Among the city’s top sights, several landmarks stand out as must-sees.
The unmistakable symbol of the town is the Old Bridge, also called Puente de la Muza. This medieval structure, with its imposing tower, has witnessed countless caravans of merchants and columns of pilgrims traveling along the Camino de Santiago. Also impressive is the 15th-century Gothic church of San Severino, dedicated to the town’s heavenly patron. Its austere forms and majestic interior evoke the former power of local guilds. Be sure to visit the church of San Juan, one of the oldest in Biscaya. To better understand the life and customs of residents, head to the Balmaseda History Museum. The former Santa Clara Monastery, a magnificent Baroque building, is now a hotel and cultural center—an excellent example of careful preservation of the past.
Modern Life behind Medieval Walls
Living in Balmaseda today means enjoying the tranquility of a historic enclave surrounded by stunning nature. Life here moves at a calm, unhurried pace. Modern services, traditional shops, and cultural events coexist in harmony with ancient architecture and a vibrant local community. Narrow cobblestone streets, plazas, and arcaded houses have preserved their medieval spirit, creating a truly unique environment for everyday life.
A key advantage is its proximity to Bilbao. Residents can take full advantage of everything a major city offers, without sacrificing the charm and authenticity of a small town. This blend is perfect for those seeking a high quality of life in a cozy, historically rich atmosphere. Balmaseda offers a rare balance between past and present, making it appealing to both tourists and permanent residents.
