In early 2026, news broke of a new agreement between the United States and NATO that could reshape the balance of power in the Arctic. The American administration and alliance leadership have agreed on the possibility of building US military facilities on select sites in Greenland. At the same time, Denmark remains the island’s sole sovereign—an important point emphasized during the negotiations.
The details of the agreement were discussed in closed-door meetings attended by senior officials from both sides. According to available information, the concept for the new bases resembles the British military installations on Cyprus, which are officially British territory; however, in Greenland’s case, the land would only be used temporarily without transfer of ownership. The Danish government and the authorities of Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) insist that all decisions regarding the island’s status are made exclusively by them.
Arctic ambitions
The updated defense treaty between the US and Denmark, in force since 1951, now provides for an expanded American military presence on the island. The document specifies conditions under which NATO may initiate the construction of new bases and the establishment of special security zones. The main objective is to strengthen defense in the region and counter the growing influence of Russia and China in the Arctic.
In recent years, Greenland has drawn increased attention from global powers. Washington has repeatedly emphasized the need to strengthen its foothold in the north, citing the island’s strategic importance. However, past US attempts to bring Greenland under its control were met with strong resistance from Copenhagen and local residents.
Diplomatic balance
The American president insists that only the US can guarantee Greenland’s security as Arctic competition intensifies. Still, the new agreement does not mention transferring the island under Washington’s jurisdiction. Denmark and Greenland firmly reject any suggestion of a change in the territory’s status. European leaders, for their part, are cautiously optimistic, hoping the increased US presence will not escalate tensions with Russia and China.
The agreement became possible after the US abandoned threats to impose new tariffs on European goods and dropped talk of military intervention on the island. Now, the parties are searching for a compromise between security interests and preserving sovereignty. In the coming weeks, new rounds of negotiations are expected, which could determine the future of the US military presence in the Arctic.
Challenges and Concerns
The authorities of Denmark and Greenland emphasize that any decisions regarding the placement of foreign military facilities must consider the views of the local population. There is growing public concern over the potential for increased tensions in the region. Many fear that the establishment of new bases could lead to the militarization of the Arctic and heighten rivalry among global powers.
Nevertheless, for the US and NATO, Greenland remains a key outpost for controlling northern shipping routes and resources. As global warming accelerates and Arctic ice melts, the strategic value of the island continues to rise. The decision to build new bases could become a turning point for the entire region.
Prospects
So far, neither side is willing to compromise on the question of sovereignty. Denmark stands firm in its position, while the US keeps increasing pressure through diplomatic and economic means. In the near future, the world’s attention will be focused on the negotiations, the outcome of which will determine not only Greenland’s future, but also the balance of power in the Arctic.
