In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where the Atlantic Ocean meets the rugged fjord-like coast of Galicia, lies a unique natural area. The National Maritime-Terrestrial Park, encompassing the Cíes, Ons, Sálvora, and Cortegada archipelagos, has begun a long and complex journey toward obtaining one of the world’s most prestigious titles. Inclusion on the World Heritage List would place it alongside other Spanish treasures such as the Doñana National Park, Garajonay on La Gomera island, and Teide on Tenerife. This ambition highlights the exceptional value of Galicia’s lands, which have long deserved global recognition.
Officially established in 2002, this reserve is a complex mosaic of ecosystems. Here, white-sand beaches reminiscent of the Caribbean stand alongside rugged granite cliffs battered by ocean waves. The underwater world is equally impressive: dense kelp forests provide a home for countless marine species. Of particular pride are the maerl bed communities, formed by coral-like algae, which create a unique habitat for many species. On land, the landscape is complemented by heathlands and sand dunes. This chain of archipelagos plays a vital ecological role, acting as a natural breakwater at the entrance to the Rías Baixas estuaries. The area is under strict protection, as indicated by its designation as a Special Protection Area for Birds (ZEPA) and a Special Area of Conservation (ZEC), ensuring sustainable resource management.
The richness of this region is not limited to its flora and fauna. For centuries, life thrived here, leaving behind a wealth of cultural heritage. Ancient fortified castro settlements, the ruins of medieval monasteries, remnants of fish-salting factories, and abandoned villages bear witness to the complex yet inseparable relationship between people and the sea. These traces of human activity provide strong support for the area’s bid for prestigious status, demonstrating how people have adapted to harsh conditions over centuries. Modern initiatives, such as mapping ancient petroglyphs and conducting underwater archaeological research, further reinforce the scientific and historical significance of the archipelago, helping to preserve its cultural legacy for future generations.
The application for inclusion in the prestigious list has already passed the first stage and has been added to the organization’s preliminary lineup. The next step is a thorough technical assessment by experts to confirm that the area possesses ‘outstanding universal value.’ If approved, the Galician archipelago will join the elite circle of world landmarks. This will not only strengthen conservation measures for its fragile ecosystems but also promote the development of responsible tourism, attracting visitors from around the globe. Meanwhile, as the review process continues, the reserve continues to captivate visitors with its landscapes, inviting everyone to discover an Atlantic paradise that has become a true symbol of Galicia.
