In Spain, the name Francisco Etxeberria has long been associated with the search for truth where it was hidden for decades. The forensic pathologist from Gipuzkoa has dedicated decades to bringing back the names and stories of those buried with no right to remembrance—from victims of the civil war to those affected by political repression. Etxeberria’s expertise extends far beyond Spain: his skills are sought after in investigations across the globe, including the most challenging modern conflicts.
The path to truth through science
The profession of forensic pathology rarely seems glamorous, yet it is precisely this work that helps shed light on events that might otherwise remain in the shadows. Etxeberria has repeatedly faced situations where only meticulous analysis of remains could refute incorrect investigative theories or debunk myths rooted in society. His involvement in high-profile cases related to past crimes has often been decisive in ensuring justice is served.
Reflecting on his career, Etxeberria notes that, for a long time, forensic medicine held little appeal in Spain—the profession was seen as lacking prestige due to the legacy of the dictatorship. However, changes in the judicial system and a growing public demand for truth have started to turn the tide. Today, his experience is valued not just in universities but also among the new generation of specialists, who see this field as a way to change society for the better.
Spanish expertise for the world
The methods developed by Etxeberria and his team during exhumations of mass graves from the Franco era are now being used in other countries. In particular, his expertise is in demand in modern conflict zones where mass graves have become a tragic reality. In Gaza, where fighting continues, the Spanish approach to victim identification and justice restoration could prove crucial for future investigations.
Working with remains requires not only technical skills but also a special sensitivity. According to Etxeberria, most of the victims’ relatives feel gratitude rather than a desire for revenge. For them, it’s important not just to learn the truth, but to receive official acknowledgment of the tragedy. That’s why exhumations in Spain rarely spark new conflicts—instead, they help society heal.
Overcoming political and social barriers
Despite the clear benefits of restoring memory, there are still political disagreements around this topic in Spain. Some parties treat exhumations as an ideological issue rather than an act of justice. This slows down the process of searching for and identifying victims, especially in regions where memory laws are being reconsidered. Nevertheless, thanks to the efforts of specialists like Etxeberria, thousands of people have had their names restored, and their families have been given the chance to mourn loved ones.
The Spanish experience shows that even decades after a tragedy, it is possible to restore justice. This approach serves as an example for other countries where mass graves still remain unmarked. In the context of new conflicts, such as the situation in Gaza, the methods developed in Spain may play a crucial role in the search for truth and reconciliation within society.
