Many residents of Spain experience unpleasant symptoms such as unexplained bloating, lack of energy, or a sudden intolerance to certain foods. These problems are often attributed to stress or fatigue, but experts warn that they may indicate an imbalance in the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis.
According to nutritionists Raquel Santos and Gema Atienza from Clínica Neogenia, there are several warning signs that should not be ignored. Among the most common are persistent gas, bloating and abdominal pain, irregular bowel movements (constipation or diarrhea), chronic fatigue, headaches, the sudden onset of food intolerances, as well as mood swings and increased susceptibility to infections. If these symptoms persist for an extended period, it is important to consult a specialist.
One of the main causes of an imbalance in intestinal microorganisms is stress. It triggers the production of cortisol, which leads to increased permeability of the intestinal walls and changes in the composition of the microbiota, creating conditions for the growth of pathogenic bacteria. A sedentary lifestyle and poor-quality sleep also have a negative impact, worsening dysbiosis symptoms.
Nutrition also plays a key role. Excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, a low-fiber diet, overuse of alcohol or sweeteners, and strict restrictive diets without professional supervision can trigger serious digestive disorders.
Statistically, dysbiosis is more common in women, which is linked to hormonal changes, especially during menopause. Fluctuations in hormone levels affect both intestinal and vaginal microflora. However, even in healthy individuals, an imbalance can be caused by chronic stress, an unbalanced diet, or certain medications.
The close connection between the gut and the brain explains why digestive problems can manifest as chronic fatigue or migraines. Accurate diagnosis relies on specialized tests such as microbiota analysis, microbial cultures, and hydrogen breath tests. The results of these studies allow doctors to develop personalized treatment plans.
Experts warn against common self-treatment mistakes. These include uncontrolled elimination of foods from the diet, following trendy diets with no scientific basis, taking probiotics without specific indications, and overlooking important factors like stress management and sleep hygiene.
Restoring the balance of the microbiota requires a comprehensive approach. The foundation is a personalized diet rich in prebiotics, natural probiotics, and fiber. It is recommended to avoid ultra-processed foods, but not to eliminate entire food groups unnecessarily. A healthy microbiota not only improves digestion but also reduces chronic inflammation associated with aging, strengthens the immune system, enhances nutrient absorption, and may contribute to increased longevity.
