Questions of digital literacy and security are becoming increasingly urgent for residents of Spain. A new study reveals: in Murcia, most people are unaware that they interact with artificial intelligence on a daily basis. This is not just a technological novelty—it is about changes that affect everyone, from schoolchildren to retirees. At stake are the protection of personal data, child safety, and the future of labor relations.
Invisible digitalization
Only a third of Murcia’s residents confidently state that they use artificial intelligence. The rest either don’t notice its presence or think that AI is something distant and complicated. Meanwhile, algorithms have long managed familiar services: from smartphone navigation to music recommendations. Many elderly people are not aware that they interact with AI daily when building routes or searching for information online. Experts call this phenomenon ‘invisible digitalization’—when technology becomes a part of everyday life yet remains unnoticed by most.
A survey of 800 residents in the region found that 54.9% of respondents believe they do not use artificial intelligence at all. Only 36.8% admitted they use it for personal or professional purposes. The remainder were unsure. This divide in the perception of technology shows that society is not yet ready for the rapid changes AI brings.
The generational gap
The clearest dividing line is between the young and the elderly. Among people aged 18 to 30, more than 60% use artificial intelligence in some form. For them, it’s a tool for studying, searching for information, and even for work. At the same time, among the older generation, especially those over 65, only one in five has ever turned to such technologies. Young people are more likely to use AI for academic tasks and in the professional sphere, where digital skills have become essential.
Experts point to a new phenomenon: employees are increasingly using unofficial artificial intelligence tools that aren’t regulated by companies. This creates additional risks for data security and process management. Such ‘shadow AI’ is developing faster than employers can respond, which could lead to unforeseen consequences.
Fears and Concerns
The main worries surrounding artificial intelligence are not about losing jobs, but about protecting children and personal information. Respondents rated the threat to minors higher than the risk of unemployment. These concerns are especially pronounced among older people, for whom child safety and privacy are top priorities. At the same time, the younger generation is more concerned about the possibility of manipulation and the spread of false information.
Particular concern is raised by cases of digital harassment, bullying, and the creation of fake materials involving minors. The risk of disinformation in healthcare and politics is also considered high. The older generation is more likely to note the dangers of digital violence, while young people point to the threat of spreading fake news and celebrity rumors.
Response and measures
Experts believe that it is impossible to completely eliminate the risks, but they can be minimized with simple steps. For example, using family code words to protect against scammers who may fake a voice or image. Special attention is given to the need to teach ethics and digital skills from an early age—both at school and in families. It is important not only to know how to use technology, but also to understand its limitations and potential threats.
Experts compare artificial intelligence to a ‘synthetic brain’ that is already changing approaches to work and learning. Not using AI means voluntarily limiting your opportunities. In countries where digital skills are integrated into educational programs, young people adapt more quickly to new realities and are better protected from manipulation.
Context and trends
In recent years, Spain has faced a surge in incidents involving digital fraud and the spread of fake news. In 2024, several regions of the country reported widespread distribution of fake videos featuring minors, sparking public outrage and a debate over the need to tighten legislation. At the same time, interest in educational programs on digital safety is growing: more and more schools are introducing lessons on critical thinking and personal data protection. Similar trends are observed in other European countries—the digital divide between generations persists, but is gradually narrowing thanks to new initiatives in education and public awareness.
