In recent years, automakers have been introducing numerous technologies into their models aimed at increasing comfort and safety. One such system is the enhanced steering column, which significantly eases maneuvering, especially at low speeds and during parking.
The power steering system is designed to reduce the physical effort required to turn the wheel. This is especially relevant in urban environments, where frequent maneuvers demand quick reactions. There are three main types of such mechanisms: hydraulic, electro-hydraulic, and electric.
The hydraulic option uses fluid pressure generated by a pump to assist the driver in turning the wheels. This approach provides smooth and responsive steering, but it requires regular fluid level checks and maintenance. Additionally, this system consumes some engine power and increases fuel consumption.
The electro-hydraulic design combines elements of hydraulics and electric drive. In this case, the pump operates only when needed, making the system more efficient. However, the complexity of the device leads to higher repair and maintenance costs.
The electric power steering system relies on sensors that detect the angle and force of the steering wheel’s rotation. The electric motor responds instantly to the driver’s actions, providing the necessary support. This type requires minimal maintenance costs and can be easily integrated with modern electronic assistants, such as automatic parking systems. However, repair costs can be high in the event of serious malfunctions.
Sometimes drivers notice that the steering wheel has become harder to turn. The reasons for this depend on the type of system installed. In hydraulic mechanisms, the issue is often related to low fluid levels, leaks, a faulty pump, or a worn belt. In electric systems, malfunctions can occur with the electric motor, sensors, or fuses, as well as mechanical defects in the steering column or joints.
To resolve a malfunction, it is important to identify the type of power steering. In the case of hydraulics or electro-hydraulics, the first step is to check the fluid level and for any leaks. The pump and belt should also be inspected for wear and unusual noises. If it is an electric system, attention should be paid to the condition of the fuses, wiring, sensors, and mechanical connections.
Regular maintenance helps prevent serious breakdowns. Drivers are advised to periodically inspect the system and replace worn parts. If a self-diagnosis does not provide results or unusual noises appear, it is better to visit a service center.
If the power steering fails, the wheel can still be turned manually, but it requires considerable effort, especially at low speeds. This situation is not only inconvenient but can also accelerate the wear of other steering components.
